mindori

this article brings out the sadness and the happiness...
It's hurtful every time mentioning the things that you want to forget, and as much as you try to erase it, it engraves in history!
But just as the reason I first started to like T-ARA, T-ARA is a group of girls that are much
stronger then they look, and there's so much more inside of them that you don't know about if
you don't spend the time and will to find out and understand about them.
Even though they are on the other half of the earth, I will with all my might support them wherever I am!!
Once a Queen's, forever a Queen's !

me, tearing up
after all this time, these past 4 years, these 6 girls always make me so proud, even once I've ever thought to left them because of that bullying issue. but I think again of that, why I keep them on my heart and mind for so long if I can't against and believe them?
nobody's perfect.
T-Ara also. they're only human like us, who can sometimes made a mistake, put a wrong choice, love something wrong, or take a risk for a chance to get their better future life
I keep do praying, wish the best and greatest for them. because, only them who can brought me to the sad and joy things.
T-Ara, keep fighting!
P.S: very nice interview Eunjung-onni

I just want to say that as a true and loyal Queen, I am glad that T-ara has made it this far and remained powerfully strong to make it this far, especially after that very bad scandal last year surrounding their former fellow member, Hwayoung. And I know that T-ara will stick around for many more years to come and get through fun times and very tough times together. Plus, I know that they will also become one of many girl groups out there that can break through the five year curse and continue taking the world by storm until they're old enough to retire. And i'm looking forward to more amazing things lined up for the girls, including T-ara N4's official American debut this December and i'm so sure that everyone in the United States will give T-ara N4 all the love and support they absolutely deserve. I sure will continue to be a true Queen and support T-ara in everything that they do. And I know for sure that no one and nothing will ever bring the girls down at all. Those haters can talk trash all they want but what they're saying will do nothing else but to bring the girls all the way up to the top in just a drop of a pin. T-ara will absolutely stick around forever and all those haters out there are just going to deal with it whether they like it or not. It's that easy to do and it's not going to be extra hard to do at all.
T-ARA FIGHTING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

T-ara's Tears Have Become Pearls




Girl Group T-ara welcomed their 4th anniversary recently. Once having enjoyed top popularity, this gemstone-like girl group has suffered hurt. The arrival and departure of some members (Hwayoung and Areum) and unconfirmed conjecture was discussed fervently. Their popularity that was not easily accumulated over the years seemed to have been destroyed in an instant. They seem to match the “5 year crisis” that idol groups commonly face in the Korean music industry where idols’ contracts [last around 5 years].

To say that they are not burdened must be a lie. After the controversy that broke out in July last year, T-ara did not respond to any Korean media interviews. Because they believed that if they silently continued their own way, one day, their fans will understand them and any momentary misunderstandings will be resolved. In this case, we are not here to pick at their scars. To talk about T-ara’s past, present, and future – something that they will have to face sooner or later – we carefully conducted our interview.

T-ara’s Eunjung who found courage to meet with Billboard Korea said “We cried a lot.” But they still continue to smile brightly.

Q: If you were to think back to the past 4 years?

A: We don’t feel like it’s already been 4 years. It still feels like we are rookies who’ve just reached 2 years. Compared to the actual number of years, we’ve been busy with a lot of activities. Other than music broadcasts, member’s individual acting activities, sub-unit activities, and musicals, we’ve lived such busy lives that we couldn’t even sleep a lot, time just passed by in the blink of an eye. Thinking about being able to achieve today’s position and to receive our fan’s love… Our fans’ congratulations have made our shoulders feel heavier, and our sense of responsibility has grown as well. In the future, we will be more careful about every word we say and everything we do.

Q: The most memorable activity is?

A: Bo Peep Bo Peep. It was a song that showed off the charisma that only belonged to us. The first time we put on the tails on our costume and wore the cat paws, we really didn’t like it. We wanted to be a cool and pretty girl group, and we wondered, do we really have to do this? But it was through this song that we achieved our first number 1 and even made it to Japan’s Oricon chart. If we used this song as a starting point, all of T-ara’s other concept and music were never too over the top. It was the song that allowed other countries to know our name.

Q: From debut to now, things that have changed and things that have not changed are:

A: The way we think has changed, and we’ve become more mature. When we first debuted we did not have our own goals, we were just like kids who did whatever our company told us to do. Now, we will positively think about everything we do, and we also understand the preciousness of fate that allows us to meet even the strangers who pass by us for a second. The things that have not changed is, even though we are no longer that young, the members still love to joke and play. Everyday is a continuation of a sitcom. This is what motivates us to stand on stage happily.

Q: Thoughts about the “5 year crisis” that idol groups face

A: Our crisis seems to have come a bit early. Haha. This seems to turn out for the better, it’s as if such a crisis does exist as people say. Although the sayings about members’ conflict and bullying will follow us around like labels, we think that as long as it is not true then it is fine. We won’t worry too much about it. If such sayings were true, then it would be very distressful, but the stories are all different from reality. It is not something that we can resolve even if we worried about it.


The motivation for the T-ara who has become mature.

T-ara is truly the “Korean Digital Sales Queens.” Lovey Dovey was number 1 on Gaon Chart in the first half of 2012, defeating Big Bang. In 2011, they also achieved number 1 on Gaon's Annual Aggregate Digital Chart through Roly Poly. That year, their Japanese debut track “Bo Peep Bo Peep” also made it onto the Oricon weekly chart.

Even when involved in endless controversies, T-ara’s music and stage performance were also recognized. “Sexy Love,” which was hesitantly released when T-ara was surrounded by a lot of rumours, and the summer track “Bikini” also charted and achieved a “long run.” Their recently released second Japanese album “Treasure Box” also charted number 1 on Oricon on the day it was released.

Q: What is the secret to popularity?

A: There is no special secret. First, we have to thank the composers who give us good songs. And also the fans and company staff who support us by telling us “everything will be better,” they’ve given us a lot of motivation. As a result, we gained confidence. We work hard on stage to compensate for our inadequacy, these all seem to have a combined effect. When speaking about T-ara’s energy, we have also borrowed from the popularity of the retro dance and the shuffle dance. Unknowingly, our performances are able to show off “T-ara’s image” and “T-ara’s concept.” To have a defined colour and flavour, we are really happy.

Q: Don’t you feel tired to have such active overseas schedules?

A: Although getting used to the time difference is always difficult, it is the most difficult when the food doesn’t suit our tastes. In the end sleep become our best medicine. Actually, every member seemed to have lost weight without intentionally dieting. Like a normal girl group, we eat well and don’t pick and choose when it comes to food.

Q: What do you do when you rest?

A: Watch movies, eat good food. When we are in Japan, we often go to Harajuku but we have not been there recently because we’ve been busy.

Q: Isn’t this just the right age for dating?

A: Although the work we have now is good, we still want to date. Just like a normal university student, a romantic stroll around campus while holding hands, a date in the library. It seems like the more we are not able to do it, the more we want to do it. My ideal type is someone who has a manly side, but who also has the soft side of someone young, someone who is kind and well-mannered. Appearance is not important. It’ll be great if it is someone who is able to let other people feel his charisma and charm that is unique to him.

Q: What kind of artists do you want to be remembered as?

A: The strengths of artists who have been active for 1 year and those who have been active for 10 years are different. I hope when people think about T-ara, they will smile and say “Ah they really had a difficult time then” or “They were really great then”, I hope that we can be a familiar and warm group in their memories. A group that is able to show off different styles like a chameleon. Or even to the point of getting critiqued by people “Do you have a split personality?” A group that doesn’t stop changing and is able to show and convey a message through their music.

Q: To T-ara, CCM’s present Kim Kwang Soo is:

A: The only person who can make us happy and feel tired at the same time. He has weakened a lot. He used to always lecture and scold us, but recently he asks us for our opinion and shares with us his difficulties. He has the feel of the powerless arms of a father who is growing old. His emotions are also becoming very rich and abundant, it seems like it is time for us to take care of him instead.

Q: A word to your fans?

A: Thankful. For always believing and watching over us no matter what. To be able to lay aside right or wrong and to believe and wait for someone is really something that is not easy. We don’t look at our fan club as one group, but now we see each fan individually, one person by one person. They are all precious. Even for those who cannot support us as fans until the end, we won’t feel sad or resentful. We won’t forget those people who have given us love up to this day.


T-ara has become stronger, their hearts steadier. They are no longer a girl group that has an extravagant exterior, but have become a pearl that shines quietly and faintly. The beginning of a glistening pearl is also created from a wound. Famous Korean poet Jeong Ho Seung said “A beautiful gemstone can only be created with time, brimming sincerity, and the embracing of trauma.” It is time for the future of T-ara, who will soon enter the US market, to catch the eyes of the public once again.



Original article: http://www.billboard.co.kr/?c=v&m=v1&idx=37066
Translated by via Chinese Subs by TCN: http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2556657897

Thanks for this!! Beautiful interview and quite sad though... I wish they could see how much we support and love them no matter what..

makes me so proud reading such mature words
I pray that we, T-ara and Queen's, will stay around for a long long time cos we are so strong.

T-ara N4, December US Billboard Debut

T-ara began subunit activities in the beginning of this year through T-ara N4 and QBS. Their styles are different. T-ara N4 is targeted at the American/European market while QBS is targeted at Asian countries like Japan and China etc.

Eunjung explained "If you say that you can feel the unique and true colors of the 6 members of T-ara when we are together, then the subunits are a different side of us." T-ara N4 gathered together the "strong" women and their music is filled with a strong and hip hop atmosphere. QBS is the opposite, very feminine, and is made up of the members who fit the image of white dresses by the sea and under the blue sky. Eunjung smiling, said "Both images are very good," "Because we can't do both at the same time, we don't feel greedy about the subunits."

The subunit that has received special attention is T-ara N4. They have knocked on the doors of the US market, and received the praise of hip-hop star Chris Brown. Previously in May, they went to America and set up their future music activities with Chris Brown and T.I etc.

At their interview with Billboard Korea, T-ara revealed for the first time parts of their plan for the US market. Their US album is starting to take shape. Their debut date may be December of this year. In their single album, two new English songs will be recorded along with the new version of Jeonwon Diary. The English version of Jeonwon Diary was arranged by Chris Brown personally.

The title song has not yet been determined, but it should be one of the new songs. Jiyeon said, "We've finished recording it and it is a very exciting and electronic dance genre song," "There will be a featuring by a pop star which will surprise people."

Their contract is signed with America's Empire Records. There are still some who remain doubtful and refuse to believe this, turning up their noses at the news of T-ara entering the US market and even making fun of their outdoor performance when they were invited by Chris Brown, saying that they've only performed on a small stage and whether all this hype is an exaggeration.

At this, T-ara did not have any response. Because of some controversies, their music achievements has been downplayed and belittled. T-ara lightly said, "Theres nothing we can do about this, it seems like it is something we must face," "If we were to explain, why not perform to our best instead, and make those who like our music believe us. We cannot force the public to like us."

Very frustrated. Not every performance is a large scale performance. "Whether the performance venue is big or small doesn't matter. Even if there is only one person in the audience, standing on stage itself is something to be happy and excited about" This is what they think.

That there were some problems of communication is true. Eunjung said, "Honestly, we were alarmed when we saw how narrow the stage was. But this was not anybody's fault. It's just that we should have carefully asked for more details, there was just inadequate flow of information prior to the performance. Chris Brown also performed on that stage the same way we did. But our performance seemed to have been distorted and misrepresented, as if we performed on a stage that was not meant to be stood on, we are a bit sad about that."

Chris Brown is still a supporter of T-ara. Chris Brown and T-ara member Dani are close and this along with some musical aspects of T-ara N4 is why he came to this decision. T-ara said about themselves "We are lucky." Reviews of T-ara as the "Girl Group with the Most Korean Flavour" plus the use of Tae Pyeong So (traditional Korean music instrument) in Jeonwon Diary caught the interest of the relevant people involved with their overseas album.

Recently, T-ara has been busy learning English and Japanese. The members expressed "We never even dreamed that we could enter America," "Because we could not adequately prepare/learn foreign language like other groups, and because an opportunity like this is rare, we will work hard," They are not afraid of failure. T-ara said "We might not succeed. If we started to have these worries, then we should not start altogether." "If we continue our activities with a sincere attitude, then we should be able to achieve a good result. After Japan's Oricon chart, we want to leave a mark on a page of the US Billboard chart too."

Original article: http://media.daum.net/m/media/newsview/20130826171510678
Translated via Chinese subs by TCN: http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2556263953

I absolutely can't wait for T-ara N4's big US debut and I know that everyone will love the girls. And as for the new choreography and fashion for their song, I will love it even if they show some skin and do suggestive dancing. I don't have any worries or concerns at all. I just remain optimistic about their upcoming performance and I know that they're going to have a whole lotta fun in the US starting this coming Memorial Day weekend as they do their American activities. I'm definitely ready for T-ara N4 to come to the US

Good luck!! I hope everything work well for them! Can't wait to see t-ara go world wide

God Bless T-ARA N4 and also for the rest of T-ARA members! It's a brand new beginning!!! GOD BLESS!!! you guys can do it! we all believe in you guys!!! FIGHTING!!!!

[13.05.22] T-ara N4 to change "Jeonwon Diary" choreography and style and perform on stage with Chris Brown




T-ara N4 will have a joint stage with Chris Brown at his Las Vegas concert.

Chris Brown will hold a concert at the Palms Casino and Resort in Las Vegas on May 26th (local time). T-ara N4 will not be the opening acts as previously reported, but rather will be surprise guests who will go on stage with Chris Brown in the middle of his concert. They will present a new arrangement and version of "Jeonwon Diary" on stage with Chris Brown.

T-ara N4 will work with the choreographer FLII STYLZ and his dance team on updating "Jeonwon Diary" choreography. FLII STYLZ has worked with Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson, Beyonce, Chris Brown, Usher and more and are known as an exclusive team. T-ara N4 also plan to change up their clothing and hairstyles for a new look in America.

T-ara N4 said, "It doesn't yet feel like reality that we will debut 'Jeonwon Diary' in the USA. We are trembling for it."

T-ara N4 will leave on the 25th at 3:15 PM KST for LA. They will arrive on the 25th in LA (local time) and go to choreography rehearsals and on the 26th, they will move to Las Vegas for Chris Brown's concert.
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Source: http://news.nate.com/view/20130522n15376
Translated by: Nathaniel @ Diadem

awwwww.... I really hope they are successful. Good luck... I totally wish I could be there... T_T

Well, it looks like T-ara N4 won't be gone for long as they have made it official that they'll be back in the US in June to make brand new music. And i'm personally sure that they'll do a collaboration with Chris Brown and also work on new English songs themselves. Or maybe just the collaboration. Anyways, I will await T-ara N4's return to the US this June and I will cheer the girls on when they come back to the US

I seen this coming! Hopefully Empire Records will have better management than CCM.
I kind of want to travel to Las Vegas now just to see them perform. Even though they're just the opening act.
I'm so excited and happy for them I wish them great success and will persuade my friends to listen to them lol^^
"After every storm, comes a rainbow"

Don't get me wrong guys.I love them.I really do.However,I do feel little a doubt about this.I mean,with the language barrier and so on,will they succeed in the U.S?I don't know but I think it's too early to enter the U.S Market.As much as I love them,it's better to stick to Korean and Japanese Market.If you guys noticed,all of Korean Idols who had tried to break into the U.S market can speak English well,quite popular and etc but they still failed to achieve it.
And the 5 versions of Jeon Won Diary is just way too much.Oh gosh....I can't even..And,only T-ara N4 will enter the U.S market right?Once again,the 3 least popular members were left behind.I know Dani can speak English but she's in T-ara (well,will be) NOT T-ara N4.KKS,don't tell me you're gonna add her in the sub-unit just because of that.
Nevertheless,as a fan,I support the girls and hopefully,you can prove me wrong.

lol they can always bring dani along with them for the english parts like when snsd where on live with kelly only tiffany spoke at it was fine if they were to get onto that show it would be for a performance short interview like its not like they'd be the main guest or anything , same with letterman snsd didn't even do an interview on there so n4 should be fine if they were to also get on those shows which i hope because then they can finally come to ny, and opinions of chris brown's personal life aside he's very popular and relevant in the us and his albums always sell a lot so n4 working with him is a good thing instead of working with irrelavent people like that random girl group the wonder girls worked with

I'm feeling optimistic about this and I'm excited to see what the new five versions will bring

Well the US music industry is one of the largest out there, so that's why. Although I don't think it's right for them to try to break in the US music scene either, it also doesn't hurt to try and see the actual outcome for themselves instead of fearing it because of previous attempts from different people in the same related-field.
If they ended up not getting the success in their US attempt, as long as they keep being active back in their own scenes instead of ignoring their dominant scenes + keep trying to break in the US market, it should be fine.
On a side note (not toward you migger), the multiple versions of the same song is so typical of CCM...idk if I'll be able to enjoy all of them, but I already have some sort of idea the version with Snoop Dogg lol...

Oooh~ I love that last qupte from our Eunjung. I can't believe it too. Too many things happening so fast but I'm so happy. More opportunities to meet them here in LA. More albums to buy. But I know they'll be really tired this upcoming summer. I'm praying for their health and hope they'll be safe at all times, in filming and traveling. And please don't forget to have fun while doing work. I love how our girls seems so positive now and their smiling faces are the best. Expecting more of QBS sub-unit too in Japan. Everything is working out well so far. Let's continue to support T-ara, N4 & QBS. Queen's and QUEENS fighting!

I am absolutely happy that T-ara N4's making a US debut and this is just something that i've been waiting to hear all along. I don't have any doubts or concerns about their US activities because I just support the girls' decision in entering the American music market and I know that everyone will simply give the girls a extremely warm welcome instead of just flat out judging them because of the bullying scandal that T-ara, as a whole, had last year. I always remain optimistic about this and I know for sure that everyone in the United States will absolutely love having T-ara N4 around. Plus, I personally am excited that the quartet will be back in the US this Saturday to begin their US activities with a surprise opening act performance for Chris Brown's Las Vegas concert. So, with QBS set to promote in Japan and T-ara N4 getting ready to take on the American music market, everything is working out amazingly well, I must say. I wish T-ara N4 the best of luck and I will be waiting for their return to the US this Saturday.
T-ARA N4 FIGHTING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

I'm so happy for them. This is really exciting for them and for all the fans.
So many things to look forward to in the coming days and months!
I'm excited to listen to the English versions of Countryside Diaries and their performances with the American artists.
While I am worried about their English communication skills, I remain optimistic that somehow, despite the language barrier, they will find success and fame in the US. While other K-Pop artists did not really achieve as much as they hoped in the US music scene, I am hopeful that after Psy's amazing breakthrough, other Korean artists, like T-ara N4, and T-ara as a whole, will be given more recognition this time. So I guess, it's not just the ability to speak English which gives the "license" to enter the US market, but also proper connections in the US music industry, and of course, it will also have to do with music taste and musical connection... plus lots of luck.
Through this US route, I am hoping that they gain more recognition and support worldwide.
Whatever happens in their US venture, I'm sure all their fans will still support them everywhere else.
It's really time to move on from last year's controversy and I'm happy with their progress so far.
I just really hope and pray that they play their cards right this time.
Fighting!!!

I really wish them luck for this...God bless girls we were always here to support you

It seems nice that T-ara gets exposed in the US/world stage, but I hope it is not at the expense of their Asian activities. I could say, the US/Western market can be much more fickle, and promoting away from their usual support bases may alienate T-ara from their 'core' support.

But in any event, wish them the best. A door has been opened, so why not take the opportunity. As for those with doubts/skepticism, let's see how the whole thing unfolds. No use in spending the energy on negativity -- even if T-ara does fail, they ain't the first group to do so. And if they succeed, a bit more here and there (nothing long term for different reasons) -- my only fear for success is other groups are likely to capitalize and bandwagon on them...

PS: F-I-V-E (5) English versions? Those artists must really found something they can relate to with CSD And should we expect a much less restraint in terms of lyrics?

Eunjung nailed it, the girl really knows how to respond. For us Aqeens this is just a dream coming true, T-ara will be coming here more and more often!
I'm just worried if they can survive this tsunami of duties, and still learn new language. The plan sounds too ambitious and hopefully they make it through.

[13.05.20] T-ara N4 announces plans to enter the US market


On the afternoon of May 20th, T-ara N4 held a press conference about its plans to enter the US market at Seoul Imperial Palace Hotel. Members Eunjung, Hyomin, Jiyeon and Areum attended the press conference and expressed their aspirations for their future in the US.
On the afternoon of May 20th, T-ara N4 held a press conference about its plans to enter the US market at Seoul Imperial Palace Hotel. Members Eunjung, Hyomin, Jiyeon and Areum attended the press conference and expressed their aspirations for their future in the US.
On May 12th, on invitation from well-known American artist Chris Brown, T-ara N4 traveled to the US for 5 days 4 nights. Member Eunjung expressed, "Although we received an invitation from Chris Brown, we still wondered whether we would really meet him. We were very excited. He was very welcoming and treated us well, we are thankful for that. We also discussed music and production plans. There were many good things that we had never even imagined before."
Eunjung added that the following day, T-ara N4 received any invitation from Youtube channel network company “Freestyle,” and the members visited the company about the possibility of a T-ara Channel. Footwear brand “Vlado”, famous among hiphop dancers, also extended an invitation to T-ara N4. “More fans that we had expected came and so we held a fansign for a few hours. Vlado also proposed to make custom shoes with the T-ara N4 logo. Singer Ray J spoke about us on twitter and so we had the chance to meet and discuss music with famous producer team "1500 or Nothin."
The members said "We had a successful meeting through a good opportunity and was able to discuss our plans to enter the US market. After meeting with Chris Brown, we also met with a lot of good opportunities. We are very lucky. We feel a lot of pressure on our shoulders and will work even harder in the future. About our trip to the US, the other members asked us when we will return to Korea and said we still haven't watched Iron Man 3 together."
Hyomin revealed that a remake of "Jeonwon Diary" will be released in 5 versions and the rap parts currently done by SPEED’s Taewoon will be done by Snoop Dogg, Wiz Khalifa, T-Pain, Ray J and Chris Brown. The song is scheduled to be released in June in the US and also worldwide at the same. Eunjung added, "We will sing our parts in Korean, and the rap parts by the other artists will be in English."
Jiyeon also revealed, "We will be leaving for the US on the 25th to perform the opening stage for Chris Brown's solo concert in Las Vegas. We are very nervous but we want to show our good side in our first performance in the US."
Areum added that they are planning to attend the BET Awards with Chris Brown on June 30th. "Although it still feels surreal, we are very happy."
Asked about the backstory to the meeting with Chris Brown, Eunjung said, “There really is no special backstory. T-ara trainee Dani attended Chris Brown's concert, and told him about T-ara and “Jeonwon Diary.” After watching our MV, Chris Brown really liked the song and asked whether he can see us directly. We suddenly went to the US in the midst of our promotions.”
Hyomin, “Many parts actually happened spontaneously. We visitied Chris Brown’s MV set, and we suddenly received an invitation to cameo in his MV. But because our hair and makeup etc had not been prepared, we regretfully couldn’t appear in his MV. Just like this, many things actually happened without plan, and we are also looking forward to see what will happen when we visit Las Vegas this time.”
Eunjung: "Before our debut, we felt that we would already be lucky if we could gain popularity domestically." "Because of the popularity of K-pop, we naturally started our Japan activities like other K-Pop singers. Our US activities also happened like this and started really suddenly. From now on, we will prepare accordingly regarding music and language.”
The Director of CCM's overseas marketing team Lee Jintaek revealed that T-ara N4 has signed a contract with Empire Records (a subsidiary of Universal Recrods) for the re-release of “Jeonwon Diary”.
He said of the good results from T-ara N4's US trip, "T-ara N4 received a lot of attention and love in the US. In particular, they met with Chris Brown and many other producers and received good appraisals from them."
The reporters asked whether this focus on the overseas activities was to avoid the negative response from the public after the Hwayoung controversy last year. About this, Eunjung said "We felt that an opportunity like this is rar, other than our sudden plans to go to the US, our other schedules will still proceed according to plan. Other than T-ara N4, the rest of the members will also be continuing their Japan sub-unit activities. They will be filming for their MV next week in Japan."
Eunjung added that, "We think that what we will demonstrate and show to everyone in the future is the most important. Whether on stage or somewhere else, we will demonstrate our genuine, honest, prudent and good appearance, so please anticipate our future activities and give us a lot of support. K-pop has received a lot of attention, not only from the US but also from other countries, so we feel a sense of responsibility to work hard and carefully in the future.”
Source: http://news.nate.com/view/20130521n17113
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Translated by: kkyc222 @ tiaradiadem, mostly based translations by TCN.